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Therefore, we consider that firstly connecting vehicles and sharing relevant safety and dynamic information might prove crucial for traffic development in safer conditions. Moreover, the new developments now point towards connected and autonomous vehicles, despite the fact that the road network is not yet prepared for a mixture between non- and autonomous vehicles. For such a complex investment and economical change to be effective, only the use of green (renewable) energy is allowed. Neither of these two solutions would be beneficial for the environment if the supplied energy would still be produced by classical means (burning of fossil hydrocarbons or coal).
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Both need a dedicated infrastructure construction, considering the distance between power supplying facilities, or hydrogen re-charging stations. Both solutions have advantages and drawbacks. The trend now in worldwide automotive transportation is the rapid changing of propulsion solutions from fossil fuel to electric stored energy or to hydrogen-based fuel cells. Reported abnormal values of vital parameters (critical situations) will allow interveneing in a timely manner, saving the patient’s life, with the support of the e-Call system. The purpose is to reduce the risk of accidents for semi-autonomous vehicles and to also monitor the condition of passengers in the case of autonomous vehicles for providing first aid in a timely manner. In this context, the solution has been developed based on state-of-the-art technical devices, methods, and technologies for monitoring vital functions of the driver/passengers (degree of fatigue, cognitive state, heart rate, blood pressure). Conclusion: The research presents both positive and negative results of field experiments, with possible further developments.
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The solution can also be integrated with an e-Call system for telemedicine emergency assistance. Results: The novelty of the research is based on the design of specialized non-invasive sensors for the acquisition of EEG and ECG signals installed in the headrest and backrest of car seats, on the algorithms used for data analysis and fusion, but also on the implementation of an IoT temperature measurement system in several points that simultaneously uses sensors based on MEMS technology. The approach uses detection, recording, and transmission of relevant health information in the event of an incident as support for e-Call or other emergency services, including telemedicine. These sensor structures mounted in vehicles will allow for a higher detection rate of potential dangers in real time. Thus, transforming the vehicle into a mobile sensor connected to the internet will help highlight and create a new perspective on the cognitive and physiological conditions of passengers, which is useful for specific applications, such as health management and a more effective intervention in case of road accidents. Methods: This article focuses on using a new technology in automotive electronics by equipping a semi-autonomous vehicle with a complex sensor structure that is able to provide centralized information regarding the physiological signals (Electro encephalogram-EEG, electrocardiogram-ECG) of the driver/passengers and their location along with indoor temperature changes, employing the Internet of Things (IoT) technology.
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Background: The growth of the number of vehicles in traffic has led to an exponential increase in the number of road accidents with many negative consequences, such as loss of lives and pollution.
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